The projectile is moved in a curved path (poorly drawn, look at energy graph) under the action of gravity. Changing the angle of the trigger will affect the path the balloon will take from a later or early release. 45 degrees gave us the best distance covered changing from 55 degrees with a too early release. The balloon stays at rest until acted upon by the counterweight that moves the arm when the pin is removed. The speed of the arm will equal the speed of the balloon as it is flung through the air. The balloon will stay in motion but then gravity will take affect slowing the balloons momentum through the air. The counterweight is related to the balloons velocity. By adding more weight to the counterweight it could increase the weights speed when projected to the ground also affected by gravity giving it more speed. It will then give the arm a faster fling giving the balloon the same speed.
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